Guides /

Updated March 2026

Canada's Potash
Dominance

Saskatchewan sits atop 40% of the world's known potash reserves — a geological jackpot that makes Canada the largest producer and exporter of this essential crop nutrient. With BHP's $14 billion Jansen project under construction and incumbents expanding capacity, the province is doubling down on the mineral that feeds the world.

#1
World potash producer
40%
Of global reserves
$9.3B
Export value (2023)
10
Mines profiled

Operator

Nutrien Ltd.

Nutrien is the world's largest potash producer, formed through the 2018 merger of PotashCorp and Agrium. The company operates six potash mines in Saskatchewan with a combined operational capacity of approximately 18 million tonnes per year.

Mine 1 of 10

Allan Mine

Active

Location

Near Saskatoon, Saskatchewan

Mine Type

Conventional underground (room-and-pillar)

Capacity

1.9 Mt KCl/yr

Production

~1.5 Mt/yr

Potash ~1.5 Mt/yr

Allan was PotashCorp's first mine, commencing production in 1968. The operation mines potash ore at approximately 1,000 metres depth using a conventional room-and-pillar method. The mill processes ore into standard and granular muriate of potash for domestic and export markets.

2025–2026 Update

Nutrien has allocated capital for sustaining improvements at Allan, including shaft maintenance and mill optimization projects scheduled through 2027.

Mine 2 of 10

Vanscoy Mine

Active

Location

SW of Saskatoon, Saskatchewan

Mine Type

Conventional underground

Capacity

2.0 Mt KCl/yr

Production

~1.6 Mt/yr

Potash ~1.6 Mt/yr

Vanscoy is the former Agrium mine, acquired by Nutrien through the merger. The mine is the closest potash operation to Saskatoon and has been in continuous production since 1969. It produces standard and granular potash.

2025–2026 Update

Nutrien invested in infrastructure upgrades at Vanscoy in 2024-2025, including improvements to brine handling and surface facilities.

Mine 3 of 10

Lanigan Mine

Active

Location

Near Lanigan, east-central Saskatchewan

Mine Type

Conventional underground

Capacity

3.8 Mt KCl/yr

Production

~2.5 Mt/yr

Potash ~2.5 Mt/yr

Lanigan is one of Nutrien's largest mines by capacity and a major contributor to the company's flexible production strategy. The mine commenced production in 1968 and operates at a depth of approximately 1,000 metres.

2025–2026 Update

Nutrien has earmarked Lanigan for potential capacity expansion as part of its strategy to add 4 million tonnes of low-cost brownfield capacity by 2026.

Mine 4 of 10

Cory Mine

Active

Location

SW of Saskatoon, Saskatchewan

Mine Type

Conventional underground

Capacity

3.0 Mt KCl/yr

Production

~2.0 Mt/yr

Potash ~2.0 Mt/yr

Cory is one of Nutrien's core production facilities, located just southwest of Saskatoon. The mine has been in operation since 1968 and benefits from proximity to rail infrastructure and the city's workforce.

2025–2026 Update

The mine continues to be a reliable mid-tier producer within Nutrien's portfolio. Incremental debottlenecking projects are underway.

Mine 5 of 10

Rocanville Mine

Active — Largest

Location

Near Rocanville, SE Saskatchewan

Mine Type

Conventional underground

Capacity

6.5 Mt KCl/yr

Production

~4.5 Mt/yr

Potash ~4.5 Mt/yr

Rocanville is Nutrien's largest and most efficient potash mine, and one of the biggest in the world. A $3 billion expansion completed in 2016 doubled its capacity. The mine produces premium-quality granular potash and ships via rail to export terminals in Vancouver and Portland.

2025–2026 Update

Rocanville continues to operate at high utilization rates. Nutrien considers it the lowest-cost tonne in the global potash market, with significant remaining capacity flexibility.

Mine 6 of 10

Patience Lake (Cory Division)

Active

Location

Near Saskatoon, Saskatchewan

Mine Type

Solution mining

Capacity

0.3 Mt KCl/yr

Production

~0.2 Mt/yr

Potash ~0.2 Mt/yr

Patience Lake is a unique solution mining operation where heated brine is injected underground to dissolve potash ore, which is then pumped to surface for processing. It is now operated as part of the Cory Division.

2025–2026 Update

The solution mining operation continues at modest volumes, producing specialty potash products.

Operator

Mosaic Company

The Mosaic Company is the world's second-largest potash producer and operates two large mines in Saskatchewan through its Esterhazy and Belle Plaine operations, with a combined capacity of approximately 5.5 million tonnes per year.

Mine 7 of 10

Esterhazy Mine (K3)

Expanding

Location

Near Esterhazy, SE Saskatchewan

Mine Type

Underground (new automated K3 shaft)

Capacity

6.0 Mt KCl/yr (at full ramp)

Production

~3.5 Mt/yr (ramping)

Potash ~3.5 Mt/yr (ramping)

Esterhazy K3 is one of the most ambitious mining projects in Canadian history. Mosaic invested over $3 billion to sink a new production shaft and develop automated mining at depth, replacing the flood-prone K1 and K2 shafts that had required continuous brine management since the 1980s. K3 mines at 1,000 metres depth with state-of-the-art continuous mining equipment.

2025–2026 Update

K3 continues to ramp production toward its 6-million-tonne annual capacity target. The mine's fully automated continuous miners represent some of the most advanced underground mining technology deployed anywhere in the world.

Mine 8 of 10

Belle Plaine Mine

Active

Location

Near Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan

Mine Type

Solution mining

Capacity

2.3 Mt KCl/yr

Production

~1.8 Mt/yr

Potash ~1.8 Mt/yr

Belle Plaine is one of only two solution-mined potash operations in the world. Heated brine is injected into the potash deposit at depth, dissolving the ore, and the potash-rich solution is pumped to surface for crystallization and processing. The method avoids the risks associated with conventional shaft mining.

2025–2026 Update

Mosaic continues to optimize the solution mining process at Belle Plaine. The operation provides production flexibility when conventional mines face maintenance shutdowns.

Operator

K+S AG

K+S is a German fertilizer and salt company. Its Bethune mine is the newest and most technologically advanced potash mine in Saskatchewan.

Mine 9 of 10

Bethune Mine

Active

Location

Near Bethune, central Saskatchewan

Mine Type

Conventional underground (automated)

Capacity

2.0 Mt KCl/yr

Production

~2.0 Mt/yr

Potash ~2.0 Mt/yr

Bethune is the first new potash mine built in Saskatchewan in over 40 years, having commenced commercial production in 2017. The $4.1 billion project was K+S's largest-ever investment. The mine employs highly automated continuous mining equipment and a unique compact mine design that reduces underground development costs.

2025–2026 Update

After reaching nameplate capacity in 2023, Bethune has become one of the most efficient mines in the Saskatchewan potash sector. K+S has noted the potential for modest capacity expansion through debottlenecking.

Operator

BHP

BHP's Jansen project represents the largest single investment in the history of Canadian potash mining and will create an entirely new world-class operation.

Mine 10 of 10

Jansen Stage 1

Under Construction

Location

Near Jansen, east-central Saskatchewan

Mine Type

Conventional underground

Capacity

4.35 Mt KCl/yr (Stage 1)

Production

0 (under construction)

Potash 0 (under construction)

BHP's Jansen project is the largest potash mine currently under construction anywhere in the world, with a total investment of approximately US$14 billion for Stage 1 and Stage 2 combined. The project includes two 1,000-metre production shafts and a fully integrated processing plant. When complete, Jansen will be among the top five potash mines globally by capacity.

2025–2026 Update

Stage 1 construction is approximately 60% complete with first production targeted for 2026. Shaft sinking passed the 900-metre mark in early 2025. BHP has approved US$4.9 billion for Stage 2, which will double capacity to 8.7 million tonnes per year.

Industry Outlook

The Future of Canadian Potash

Global Food Security

World population growth and declining arable land mean potash demand is projected to grow 2-3% annually through 2035. Canada is uniquely positioned to meet this demand with the world's largest, highest-quality reserves.

BHP's Jansen Effect

BHP's US$14 billion bet on Jansen will reshape the global potash market. When Stage 1 and Stage 2 are complete, Jansen alone will produce more potash than most countries. Incumbents Nutrien and Mosaic are expanding brownfield capacity in response.

Russian Sanctions Impact

Western sanctions on Belaruskali and restrictions on Russian fertilizer exports have tightened the global potash market. Canada has captured displaced market share, particularly in Brazil, India, and Southeast Asia.

Saskatchewan Dependence

Potash mining accounts for approximately 30% of Saskatchewan's total mineral revenue. The province's royalty regime, infrastructure, and workforce are deeply intertwined with the industry's fortunes.